The Buttahatchee River, spanning approximately 125 miles, is a tributary of the Tombigbee River in northwestern Alabama and northeastern Mississippi, United States. It contributes to the Mobile River watershed, ultimately reaching the Gulf of Mexico. Originating near Delmar in northwestern Winston County, Alabama, the Buttahatchee River flows westwardly through Marion County, collecting the West Branch Buttahatchee River along the way. It intersects U.S. Highway 278 multiple times and passes through the LaMarion Wildlife Management Area, Lamar County, Alabama, and Monroe County, Mississippi. As it nears Columbus Air Force Base, the Buttahatchee River joins the Tombigbee River, serving as part of the boundary between Monroe and Lowndes Counties, located 12 miles north-northwest of Columbus.

The name “Buttahatchee” originates from the Choctaw language, meaning “sumac river” combining “bati” for “sumac” and “hahcha” for “river.” Along the Buttahatchee River, visitors can explore caves that once served as dwellings for the Choctaw and Cherokee tribes. Over the years, relics and artifacts have been discovered along the river, adding to its historical significance. South of Hamilton, travelers can find historic Indian mounds, providing a worthwhile stop during their journey along the Buttahatchee. This river offers a pleasant experience with Class I rapids, making it suitable for recreational boats and canoes. Fishing enthusiasts will also appreciate the abundant fish and the picturesque cliffs along the way. The stretch between the two bridges east of Hamilton is particularly captivating, boasting the most rapids, a few rapids potentially reaching Class 2 during high water. The landscape resembles that of Bear Creek to the west, featuring stunning cliffs and glimpses of riverside residences.